See rywal on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₃er-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-#Proto-Indo-European:_move"
],
[
"*h₃reyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reyH-#Proto-Indo-European:_move"
],
[
"*-wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós"
],
[
"*rīwos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rīwos"
],
[
"rīvos",
"rivos#Latin"
],
[
"rīvus",
"rivus#Latin"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
],
[
"rīvālis",
"rivalis#Latin"
],
[
"rival",
"rival#French"
],
[
"rival",
"rival#French"
],
[
"rīvālis",
"rivalis#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:rival",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"brook; channel\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃riHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"move\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"move\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃er-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃reyH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*rīwos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"rival\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"rywal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"rywal\">\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:rival",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rywalka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rywal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rywale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "rywalka"
},
"expansion": "rywal m pers (female equivalent rywalka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ry‧wal"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ry‧wal"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rival, competitor"
],
"id": "en-rywal-pl-noun-OafqHWK4",
"links": [
[
"rival",
"rival"
],
[
"competitor",
"competitor"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rywalizacja"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "rywalizować"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "konkurent"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɘ.val/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘval"
}
],
"word": "rywal"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₃er-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-#Proto-Indo-European:_move"
],
[
"*h₃reyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reyH-#Proto-Indo-European:_move"
],
[
"*-wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós"
],
[
"*rīwos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rīwos"
],
[
"rīvos",
"rivos#Latin"
],
[
"rīvus",
"rivus#Latin"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
],
[
"rīvālis",
"rivalis#Latin"
],
[
"rival",
"rival#French"
],
[
"rival",
"rival#French"
],
[
"rīvālis",
"rivalis#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:rival",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"brook; channel\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃riHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"move\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"move\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃er-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃reyH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*rīwos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīvālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"rival\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"rywal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"rywal\">\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:rival",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃riHwós\nProto-Italic *rīwos\nArchaic Latin rīvos\nLatin rīvus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin rīvālislbor.\nFrench rivalbor.\nPolish rywal\nBorrowed from French rival, a learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rywalka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rywal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rywalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rywale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "rywalka"
},
"expansion": "rywal m pers (female equivalent rywalka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ry‧wal"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ry‧wal"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rywalizacja"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "rywalizować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from French",
"Polish terms derived from Archaic Latin",
"Polish terms derived from French",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃reyH-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘval",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘval/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"glosses": [
"rival, competitor"
],
"links": [
[
"rival",
"rival"
],
[
"competitor",
"competitor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "konkurent"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɘ.val/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘval"
}
],
"word": "rywal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rywal meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.